Mind the Gap
One of many things that struck me on a visit to London, was how amazing the Tube is, and how many interesting aspects there are to its history — from the design of the famous Tube map (designed by Harry Beck in 1931; he also later offered to diagram the Paris Métro but his representative diagram was rejected by the French), to the fact that it was the first subterreanean railway in the world. Its history over the years is fascinating (have a look at this London’s Transport at War article from the London Transport Museum) and its many abandoned stations are fodder for the imagination (witness Neil Gaiman’s amazing Neverwhere). So, we thought we’d round up some of the items available from our collection for a slightly different and certainly offbeat take on armchair travel, as well as some snippets of intriguing history from subway systems around the world. We hope you enjoy reading about these amazing feats of engineering!
Underground London : travels beneath the city streets / Stephen Smith.
“Smith, a journalist for London’s Channel 4 News, has written a jaunty tale of London’s history from the point of view of its underground structures. His travels among palace foundations and through culverts and tunnels built for water, sewer, train, and cable, and the rich history of the uses they’ve served make for a fun and fascinating read.” (Syndetics)
“This is the first book for a very long time that I simply haven’t been able to put down. This should be compulsive reading for every Londoner! Stephen Smith has managed to bring to vibrant life the world beneath our concrete and glass city. History has never been so vivid with the sights and sounds of London gone by echoing in every page. The only down side is that it has made me aware of a whole world I am not allowed to be part of existing just a few metres beneath my feet (that and peering into every little door and window on the tube).” (Amazon reviewer)
Underground to everywhere : London’s underground railway in the life of the capital / Stephen Halliday.
“In 1900 an American financier called Charles Tyson Yerkes was placed in charge of London’s underground railways, which had been in service since 1863 and were, even then, showing signs of their age. Over the next five years he applied his business methods – which he described as ‘Buy up old junk, fix it up a little and unload it upon other fellows’ – to the construction of much of the capital’s deep-level tube system. Yerkes was one of many colourful characters who gave London its underground railway system. But the London Underground is more than a railway. In the twentieth century, under the enlightened management of Frank Pick, the Underground was responsible for some striking developments in industrial design. Bauhaus, Cubist and other innovative ideas were applied to station architecture, advertising posters and seat covers. The work of artists such as Graham Sutherland, Len Deighton and Lucie Attwell was exposed to large audiences for the first time, as was that icon of industrial design, Harry Beck’s diagrammatic map of the Underground network. Making use of extensive research in London’s archives, Stephen Halliday shows how these pioneers struggled with the problem that vexes the Underground to this day.” (Library Catalogue)
The subterranean railway : how the London Underground was built and how it changed the city forever / Christian Wolmar.
“This excellent and intelligent book charts the history of the London Underground from the early 1870s until the present day. Naturally the period of early development and expansion up to the establishment of Herbert Morrison’s London Transport in 1933 is given most space with the Victoria Line and Jubilee Extension being briefly covered. The building of the cut and cover Metropolitan and the District Railway and the intense rivalry of their respective chairmen Edward Watkin and James Forbes is most interesting. The simultaneous relating of the story of the deep line electric railways, the technological developments and the always interesting roles of the great characters and engineers involved is the strength and pleasure of this book. The complex story is related with a speed and clarity that gives the feeling of excitement and wonder that must have existed at the time. The contribution of American technology brought over by Charles Yerkes, the station designs of Leslie Green and the later Art Deco of Charles Holden, the administrative genius of Ashfield and Frank Pick who between them formed the look of the Underground system that we now take for granted as ‘naturally’ correct, are all covered with immense flair in this excellent book. Read this and then rush to read Wolmar’s ‘Fire and Steam‘.” (Amazon.co.uk)
London : a life in maps / Peter Whitfield.
(Intrigued by the Tube map? Read this title for this and more amazing maps of London)
“Like all the great historic cities of Europe, London appears to us solid and unchanging. But this solidity is an illusion, for throughout its long history London has been changing and evolving. It has been renewing or replacing the streets and buildings at its heart and has been spreading inexorably outwards. In London: A Life in Maps this dynamic process is vividly illustrated by maps that have been drawn and published over the past 500 years; and this book offers a magnificent panorama of London’s history by focusing on its maps. The link between London and Westminster; the devastation of the Great Fire; the emergence of the West End as a place of fashion: the opening of the Royal Parks; the building of the docks; the coming of the railway age; the impact of World Wars – all these processes and many more are evident in these historic maps. Approximately 100 important maps from the mid-sixteenth century to the present day are illustrated and discussed.” (Library Catalogue)
Metro : the story of the underground railway / David Bennett.
“In Metro, writer and engineer David Bennett gives a comprehensive insight into the rise of underground travel over the past 150 years.He traces the technological progress – from the risky breakthroughs in tunnelling techniques that made underground travel possible to the innovations that have made it safer and more pleasant, such as the move from coal-burning locomotives to the electrification of the line and the evolution of the first wooden carriages into the air-conditioned aluminium ones of today.He also explores the architecture of the most dramatic and inspiring stations ever built, including the clean, Bauhaus-influenced lines of Berlin’s U-Bahn, the stern grandeur of the Moscow Metro’s “socialist” architecture, and the breathtaking exuberance of the Hollywood Red Line in Los Angeles. Metro also takes an in-depth look at the cultural phenomena, such as poster art and graffiti, that have flourished on underground systems around the world.” (Syndetics)
Metrostop Paris : history from the city’s heart / Gregor Dallas.
“The name of every Parisian metro station tells a story. In Metrostop Paris Gregor Dallas recounts a series of extraordinary but true tales about the city as he leads his readers around the metro. Both the armchair traveller and the visitor will enjoy an illuminating journey in the company of a compelling storyteller and veteran of the city. The book includes visits to Paris’s catacombs at ‘Hell’s Gate’, the literary cafés and old jazz cellars of Montparnasse and Saint-Germain-des-Prés and the seventeenth-century alleys of the Marais, along with trips to the Palais-Royal at the time of the Revolution and the world of opera during Claude Debussy’s lifetime. Through the eyes of the existentialist philosopher Jean-Paul Sartre, Dallas describes the German occupation of Paris during the Second World War and the intellectual wars that immediately followed. A visit to the futuristic Cité de la Science at La Villette prompts the story of the Marquis de Morès, the French ‘cowboy’ and anti-Semite, who was eventually murdered by tribesmen of the Sahara Desert in 1896. Outside the Jesuit church of Saint-Paul Dallas tells us about Gabriel de Montgomery – forgotten ancestor of Montgomery of Alamein – who accidentally killed his king just there and, after leading the Protestant armies against Catherine de Medicis, was executed on the Place de Grève. This exciting journey through time and space concludes at the Cemetery Père Lachaise with the unknown tale of Oscar Wilde’s strange involvement in the Dreyfus Affair, the greatest legal scandal of all time.” (Amazon.co.uk)
Metro maps of the world / Mark Ovenden.
Interested in design, as well as transport? Try this one! See also the website Mapping London.
722 miles : the building of the subways and how they transformed New York / Clifton Hood.
“The New York subway was the vision of a few enlightened politicians working with a tight-knit mercantile elite who saw the potential that a high-speed underground rail system would have as a vehicle for urban development. Hood tells the fascinating story of the individuals who created this unparalleled achievement of civil engineering. This concise history describes the impact on urban life and the creation of new neighborhoods (the Upper West Side, Harlem, Jackson Heights) separated only by a nickel fare from the heart of the city. Hood chronicles the changes in the city’s political climate, from a laissez-faire mood at the onset of the century through the rise of the progressive reform movement, concluding in the big-government era of the 1950s.” (Library Journal)
Disappearing London : Suggs and the city. (DVD)
(Not the Underground exactly, but still interesting)
“Suggs, lead singer of legendary pop/ska band Madness, takes a tour of the forgotten and hidden treasures of Lond. The ever-evolving London landscape has kept the city modern, but are the buildings and ways of old being lost forever? Suggs goes on a journey of re-discovery to reveal the secrets of London’s past – why buildings were constructed, why they fell out of fashion and can they be saved from the wrecking ball? Along the way he uncovers some rare archive footage and meets Londoners for whom these places hold special memories”–Container.
Underground art : London Transport posters, 1908 to the present / Oliver Green.
“Since 1908, with the appointment of the enlightened Frank Pick as publicity officer, London Transport has been a major patron of art in Britain, commissioning posters and other artworks from such notable artists as Edward McKnight Kauffer, Paul Nash, Graham Sutherland, Man Ray and others. These posters did not merely promote travel by tube, but also encouraged people to go to plays and concerts, visit the zoo or the countryside, or move to Metroland. The resulting art collection is one of stunning diversity, comprising over 3000 original posters. The distinguished tradition of art patronage has been vigorously continued since the early years.” (Amazon.co.uk)
Websites:
- Abandoned Stations & Disused London Underground Flickr group
- Underground History
- BBC Tour through abandoned St Mary’s in East London Tube Station (video)
- London Transport Museum
- Mapping London (so many amazing maps and infographics!)
- Tunnel Vision: a history of the London Tube Map (via The Guardian)
- London Transport: designing modern Britain































































